everything underneath the sky essays

everything underneath the sky articles The tale Sky Over Dimas by Vicente Garcia Groyon is basically fixated on a familys turning and exciting past frequenting every individuals present lives. The storys feature is the way that George Torrecarion went insane and just his child Rafael can spare him for his craziness. George has been locking himself with a laborers little girl for a quarter of a year now in the surrendered Hacienda Dimas. This was the main motivation behind why Rafael is eager to return home in Bacolod with all the arguing done by his mom, Margie, who consequently is no saner as well. The truth of the matter is: George Torrecarion went insane.- This is the place everything starts and finishes with. Man versus himself is the fundamental clash of the story. With all the lies underneath the familys past, George wasnt ready to deal with everything great thus, mind-frenzy bit him off until his passing. It worked out that underneath the distinction and fortune of the Jarabas and Torrecarion families lays a mess of separated truth that reveals the past of the familys variation from the norm. Each and every untruth that has been advised was utilized to conceal all the disclosures in the story. Solidarity among the plot was broad because of the explanation that it is about the familys articles. These articles were all in a type of astonishments inside the story that reveal the insider facts of the family. Every one of the characters foundation releases reality supposedly on. Also, the story was brimming with entrancing connections that triggers the characters to pass on what the creator has truly got the chance to state. These hoarding occasions all prompts the agitation George is encountering. He has a deep understanding of this through his granddads journal. This doesn't just assistance uncover reality inside the novel yet just as making the book an absolute necessity read for the crowd. The strategy used by Groyon utilizing the memory inside a memory gives the story a feeling of the real world. It ... <!

Faculty Of Hospitality Management Tourism Essay

Staff Of Hospitality Management Tourism Essay In light of the difficult proclamation and research questions, polls will be disseminated to respondents of 100 neighborhood sightseers and 100 universal vacationers taking an interest in the Kampung Santubong Homestay Program utilizing non likelihood, comfort examining technique. Results that will be gotten dependent on nearby and worldwide vacationers fulfillment taking an interest on the advertising blend of the Kampung Santubong Homestay Program will be resolved. Homestay program was first presented back in 1970s in Kampung Cherating Lama, Pahang. The author of such settlement was broadly known as Mak Long. Sorts of essential settlement Mak Long has accommodated the visitors during those days comprise both breakfast and supper and served at home (Amran, 2008). It is accepted that in the late 1980s, the homestay program at that point has been changed into Japanese youth stay where they took in the provincial lifestyle of local people (Ibrahim and Razzaq,n.d. ) . (Kalsom and Ashikin, 2006) homestay program in Malaysia was presented in 1988 by the in the past known as Ministy of Culture, Arts and Tourism Malaysia later known as Ministry Tourism of Malaysia. Today, homestay program in Malaysian setting is characterized as the provincial social network based the travel industry item (The Star, 2009) and apparently has potential in giving salary and work to the country network all in all. In this way, as expressed under the Ninth Malaysian Plan, a measure of RM 40 million apportioned to the Ministry of Tourism to overhaul foundations required in the provincial regions (Ibrahim and Razzaq,n.d.). (Ninth Malaysian Plan, 2006-2010) the legislatures need is on advancement of provincial networks and two techniques attempted incorporate limiting the conspicuous hole in salary between the country and urban regions. As expressed by the Ministry of Tourism Malaysia (2010) Until May 2010, a sum of 227 towns and 2984 members enrolled under Ministry of Tourism Malaysia. 1 1.1) Background of study: Kampung Santubong Homestay Program It was accepted that Santubong was once well known for its exchange and this data is supported up by the remainders of English, Hindu and Chinese impact here. In light of the case made by the nearby network of Santubong, Santubong was initially known as Kampung Teluk Pasir Putih (White Sandy Bay Village) as given by the Chinese pioneers exchanging at that point. The most remarkable component of the incredible mount Santubong is the womanly figure lying on her side (Sarawak Museum). Santubong is considered as the biggest archeological site in Malaysia contrasted with Lembah Bujang in Peninsular Malaysia because of thousands of earthenware along with 40,000 tons of iron were found in 1947 by guardian, Tom Harrison (1947-1966) . This spot was accepted to be significant region for dealers and iron mining from eleventh to thirteen century. Santubong Village, a Malay angling town deliberately situated at the stream mouth of the Sarawak with the unbelievable mount Santubong as the scenery makes this town a novel one. Around 40 minutes drive from the Kuching downtown area to reach Santubong Village, this Santubong town is rich with acclaimed milestones that can be found around the town. Mainstream list among voyagers are the puzzling Sultan Tengah Tomb (First and the last Sarawak Sultan), the Legendary Mount Santubong encompassed by fantasies. Other noteworthy tourist spots that exist until today are the James Brooke Bungalow. The exceptionally popular history set apart here too where Wallace the acclaimed researcher wrote his hypothesis on speciation and life story here, Batu Buaya (Curse crocodile stone), Teluk Sepang (Raden Merpati arrived in Santubong), Bongkisam (An old iron mine), Batu Gambar (Pictorial Rock) and Pulau Kera (Monkey Island). (Source: Sarawak Museum,n.d.). 2 1.2) Problem articulation There have been a few explores done already on the advantages and positive commitment through the homestay program. Be that as it may, this examination will concentrate on deciding the viability of every segment of advertising blend, for example, item, value, spot and advancement by Kampung Santubong Homestay Program against traveler fulfillment. 1.3) Research goals The goal of the examination is to decide the viability of every part of advertising blend, for example, item, value, spot and advancement against vacationer fulfillment are as per the following:- To decide visitor fulfillment against item in Kampung Santubong Homestay Program. To decide visitor fulfillment against cost offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Program. To decide traveler fulfillment against special methodology offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Program. To decide traveler fulfillment against the spot in which Kampung Santubong Homestay Program is found. 3 1.4) Research Questions How successful are the parts of advertising blend utilized by Kampung Santubong homestay program against traveler fulfillment. The customary parts of advertising blend in are as per the following:- How to decide visitor fulfillment against item in Kampung Santubong Homestay Program? How to decide visitor fulfillment against cost offered against special procedure offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Program? How to decide traveler fulfillment against the limited time system offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Program? How to decide traveler fulfillment against the spot in which Kampung Santubong Homestay Program found? 1.5) Scope of Study This exploration is attempted to decide the adequacy of every part of advertising blend, for example, item, value, spot and advancement by the Kampung Santubong Homestay Program against visitor fulfillment. This exploration of study will predominantly center at the Kampung Santubong Homestay Program situated at Santubong, Kuching Sarawak. 4 1.6) Limitation of Research 1.6.1)Insufficient assets Inadequate assets because of absence of important past examines done through online academic diaries. Most online diaries are on installment premise and just hardly any free articles or diaries accessible on the web. 1.6.2) Time imperative Constrained time to lead look into since dispersion of polls in focused region falls during the long stretch of Ramadhan, the fasting month for the Muslims and furthermore on the bubbly month, Hari Raya. A portion of the nearby network took part in the Santubong Homestay Program might not have the opportunity to engage visitors. 1.6.3) Tourist Visitors support reaction to the surveys dispersed may shift. A few voyagers might be happy to take part in this exploration and some may not. 1.6.4) Seasonal factor Because of the idea of result of homestay program, during low season, number of vacationers taking part in the homestay program might be influenced. 5 1.7) Significance of Study This investigation help in contributing significant data to all homestay administrators in Kuching because of traveler fulfillment against the showcasing blend embraced by homestay programs so as to improve homestay programs later on. Truth be told, utilizing sightseers fulfillment as an apparatus to decide on the components of the showcasing blend, for example, the item, value, advancement and spot can profit homestay administrators on giving the best homestay item/administration by separating themselves from one another, thus, the feeling of uniqueness to draw in more voyagers in taking part in the homestay program particularly in all through Kuching. 6 Part 2: Literature Review 2.1) Definition of terms 2.1.1) Homestay Program The term homestay programs are shifted in various pieces of the world along these lines, as per Barke (2004) In characterizing the term homestay program, there is no single acknowledged definition in the International investigations. Path (1994) expressed homestay as a country network based the travel industry item, subsequently falls under rustic the travel industry classification. 2.1.2) Tourist fulfillment Visitor fulfillment is characterized as (Klaus,1985,pg 21) the collected understanding of a clients buy and encounters 2.1.3) Marketing blend (Perreault, Jr.and McCarthy, 2004, pg38) advertising factors are isolated into item, value, advancement and value prompts a simple detailing of showcasing system. 7 2.2) Homestay Program (Akbar, Bael, Hassan Baguley, 2003) homestay program in Australia is the sort of settlement for global understudies to dwell in and is accepted to assist them with culture adjustment. Homestay is practically identical to overnight boardinghouses and progressively moderate contrasted with rental kind settlement (Akbar, Bael, Hassan, Baguley, 2003). In Malaysia setting of homestay program normal setting, Both (Kalsom, 2009; and Tourism Government, 2008) referenced homestay program happens in a kampung or town setting where visitors have the chance to live respectively in a similar house with their received families and become familiar with the customary method of lives of the receiving family. (Kalsom, 2009) included Malaysia homestay program contrasted from other sort of homestay program where have travelers investment is stressed through contribution in nearby exercises. (The travel industry Government, 2008) homestay program in Malaysia is possessed by homestay administrators that are conceded with a permit to take an interest in the homestay program. Which means to state, not every mortgage holder have the benefit to partake in this homestay except if they stand to a rundown of standards built up by the Ministry of Tourism for all taking an interest homestay administrators. The rundown of standards relating to cleanliness, criminal record, clean can, satisfactory number of settlement as far as discrete rooms, availability to fundamental street and no transferable ailment are profoundly respected. By and large, homestay improvement approach in Malaysia is meant to completely used characteristic assets at kampung level, protection of the socio social and aesthetic traditions of the town just as its uniqueness. In any case, there are a few proof unmistakably shows that there are

Psychological Crisis Types and Causes

Psychological Crisis Types and Causes Basics Print Psychological Crisis Types and Causes By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on November 29, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 23, 2020 Justin Case / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In mental health terms, a crisis refers not necessarily to a traumatic situation or event, but to a person’s reaction to an event. One person might be deeply affected by an event while another individual suffers little or no ill effects. The Chinese word for crisis presents an excellent depiction of the components of a crisis. The word crisis in Chinese is formed with the characters for danger and opportunity. A crisis presents an obstacle, trauma, or threat, but it also offers an opportunity for either growth or decline. Different Definitions How do different experts define a crisis? A number of different approaches and definitions exist. Many focus on how a person deals with the event rather than with the event itself. “People are in a state of crisis when they face an obstacle to important life goalsâ€"and obstacle that is, for a time, insurmountable by the use of customary methods of problem-solving.” (Caplan, 1961)“…an upset in equilibrium at the failure of one’s traditional problem-solving approach which results in disorganization, hopelessness, sadness, confusion, and panic.” (Lillibridge and Klukken, 1978)“…crisis is a perception or experience of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms.” (James and Gilliland, 2001) Types of Crises We often think of a crisis as a sudden unexpected disaster, such as a car accident, natural disaster, or another cataclysmic event. However, crises can range substantially in type and severity.???? A few different types of crises include: Developmental crises occur as part of the process of growing and developing through various periods of life. Sometimes a crisis is a predictable part of the life cycle, such as the crises described in Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Situational crises are sudden and unexpected, such as accidents and natural disasters. Getting in a car accident, experiencing a flood or earthquake, or being the victim of a crime are just a few types of situational crises. Existential crises are inner conflicts related to things such as life purpose, direction, and spirituality. A midlife crisis is one example of a crisis that is often rooted in existential anxiety. A crisis can sometimes be quite obvious, such as a person losing his or her job, getting divorced, or being involved in some type of accident. In other cases, a personal crisis might be less apparent but can still lead to dramatic changes in behavior and mood. Signs of a Crisis Common signs of a mental health crisis include:Dramatic shifts in sleep habitsSudden changes in moodWithdrawal from normal activitiesDecreased performance at school or workNeglect of personal hygieneChanges in weight What to Do During a Crisis If you are coping with a crisis, whether its emotional or situational, there are things that you can do to help ensure your psychological and physical well-being during this difficult time of your life. Prioritize. Focus on whats important at the moment. This can mean getting yourself out of an unsafe situation or it can mean just focusing on the basics so that you can get through each day. Avoid taking on too much and conserve your energy so you can deal with the problem you are facing.Find help. Its important to lean on friends, family, and loved ones during a crisis, but you should also seek professional help if you need it. Consider talking to your doctor about what you are dealing with. Your doctor may be able to help or refer you to resources in the community, or they might recommend a mental health professional who can help. Community resources such as crisis centers and support groups can also provide assistance.Care for yourself. Look for ways to lessen your stress, whether it means asking other people to share your burdens or using stress management techniques such as meditation or deep breathing. Practice good self-care, each a healthy diet, and try to get plenty of sleep each night. How to Help People Cope With a Crisis If a friend or loved one is going through an emotional or situational crisis, there are things that you can do to offer practical and psychological support. Listen Being supportive and listening to your friends thoughts, fears, grief, or anxiety is important. Focus on offering support and encouragement without giving simplistic solutions that may come off as judgemental or even patronizing. Allow your friend to tell you how they are feeling and let them know that you are there for them. Help With Practical Needs Instrumental support can be critical during a crisis. Helping with everyday tasks such as housework, grocery shopping, cooking, or errands can help take the burden off of your friend while they are coping with a crisis. Encourage Your Friend to Seek Professional Support If your friend or loved one is struggling, encourage them to reach out to a mental health professional for additional support and advice. You might help them look for a therapist or even offer to drive them to their appointment. Short-term crisis counseling can be helpful when an individual is coping with something overwhelming or traumatic. The purpose of crisis counseling is to deal with the current status of the individual dealing with a crisis. Chronic exposure to stress or trauma can lead to mental illness. Crisis counselors have skills and knowledge that can help clients cope with current stressors and trauma. Crisis counseling is not intended to provide psychotherapy, but instead to offer short-term intervention to help clients receive assistance, support, resources, and stabilization.??

How Bill Gates Has The World s Most Successful Man

Bill Gates has always been known for being one of the world’s most successful man. It is largely known that he, with Steve Ballmer, created Microsoft—both the software and the company. Microsoft is one of the world’s most popular computer software companies that was created by Gates and Ballmer in 1972—at least that’s when the idea was formed. But what many people don’t know or don’t realize is that fact that both Ballmer and Gates were college dropouts. They weren’t dropouts from just any college, though, but from Harvard University. Now, Gates often jokes about how he is, according to Crimson, â€Å"Harvard’s most successful dropout†. In his 2007 Harvard Commencement Address, Gates uses three key factors to make his speech a greatly memorable one. He used humor, seriousness, and motivation all in an adequate way that helped his speech be one for the books. For example, after addressing the listeners, Gates uses the following quote to open up his speech and hook his listeners’ attention; â€Å"I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: ‘Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree’†. That immediately results in laughter from the crowd. From then on, the humor and laughter continues for the majority of the opening. Gates proceeds to joke about how Crimson’s quote â€Å"makes me (Gates) valedictorian of my (Gates) own special class†¦I (Gates) did the best of everyone who failed†. He also jokingly says how he is a â€Å"bad influence† and that is why he was invited to speak atShow MoreRelatedBill Gates Role Model1663 Words   |  7 Pagesit look good. - Bill Gates It s important for me to dedicate myself to find the right career for myself, and to make sure I make smart and rewarding decision. I want to be a business person and I want to be a successful entrepreneur. I believe that I can effect positive change in my country, and in the world through business, since, Business help countries to grow.To be a successful business person I have to follow a business person who is a great leader. I selected Bill Gates as my role modelRead MoreSuccess Is The Highest Level Of Success973 Words   |  4 Pagesour society, everyone has their own interpretations of â€Å"success.† The Oxford English Dictionary defines success as â€Å"the attainment of an object according to one s desire: now often with particular reference to the attainment of wealth or position† (Success). According to this definition, one must be affluent or materialistic to be considered successful. However, one does not need money to be considered successful in our society. Success is very subjective, so everyone has their own definition ofRead MoreEssay about Comparsion of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates1599 Words   |  7 Pagesand Bill Gates are two of the most well-known names of our generation for being the co-founders of two very large corporations. Steve Jobs being the co-founder of Apple, also the founder of Pixar and NeXT. Bill Gates, most known for being the co-founder of Microsoft, which i s the biggest software company in the world. Though, without a doubt, both of these men were very successful in their professional lives for mainly the same thing and similar in their ways, but very different. Bill Gates BillRead MoreBill Gates : President And Founder Of Microsoft1840 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many famous leaders of companies around the world. But what I really admire and inspire me a lot is Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft. I like him because he is a very successful business man and he was also a great leader for his company Microsoft. Bill Gates is very nice, he s really concerned about his employees in the company and also other people in the world who need help. In this article I will explain life and career. Bill Gates is the president and founder of Microsoft. He was bornRead More Bill Gates Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesBill Gates William Henry Gates, III was born October 28, 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He was the middle child of three born to William and Mary Gates. ATrey,@ as he was called because of the III, was sent to a private school by his father, a lawyer, and mother, a former teacher now on several prestigous boards (Moritz, 238). At age 13, Bill had completely taught himself programming after taking a computer studies class. After scoring a perfect 800 on the mathematics half of the SAT, he graduatedRead MoreBill Gates Leadership Quality1470 Words   |  6 Pages[pic] Bill Gates Early life, Personal life and Education: Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of one of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. According to the Forbes magazine, Bill Gates is the richest man in the world and has held the number one position for many years. Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. GatesRead MoreApples Success And Success1409 Words   |  6 Pagesit into these top 500 companies is somethin g that is truly to be coveted as being listed among this shows that you are part of the most successful business. In 2015, Apple made it into the Fortune 5 (Fortune 500 List) . Meaning that of all the companies and businesses that exist in the world, Ap ple was able to make it into the top five of the most successful companies. One can not guess the number of business that are in existence as there are far too many to count; and because of theRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1541 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal success relies on whatever society values most at a point in time. In the current state of society, this value exists as something quite obvious: money. Money carries with it a sense of glamour and achievement. Earning large quantities of money seems achievable, it acts as clear-cut goal that people can point to and shout, â€Å"Hey, that’s success!†. Furthermore, personal success does not offer this luxury, and thus evades people to its true meaning. Malcolm Gladwell’s novel, Outliers, demonstratesRead MoreFamous Thinkers Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthat stand out in my mind are Bill Gates and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Lets discuss their contributions to society as a whole, the problems or issues that they resolved, and how they were able to come up with their solutions.   Contributions to Society Self made multi-billionaire, entrepreneur and philanthropist Bill Gates was born in Seattle, Washington in 1955. We recognize the name Bill Gates; it is hard not to be famous when you are the richest self-made man in America. The contributionsRead MoreCommunication Style Of A Man Who Is The Most Powerful Person1653 Words   |  7 Pages 1. Introduction: Having the capacity to communicate successfully is the most essential of all life aptitudes. Communication style includes the way a message is constructed, form and interpretations based on form. There are many different categories of communication style. In this module we will look at two â€Å"categories† of communication style: high/low context and direct/indirect communication styles. Creating your relational abilities can help all parts of your

Meaning That Animals Have Been Suffering - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1505 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Animal Testing Animal testing has been around since 384-322BC (Rachel Hajar), meaning that animals have been suffering for a very long time. Scientists have been using this method to try out new medicines or new surgical techniques to save lives. What they do not get is that humans and animals do not have the same body chemistry which is making it difficult for the testing to be accurate, with the new advances in technology: experiments should not require animals for such inhumane acts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Meaning That Animals Have Been Suffering" essay for you Create order Instead of using defenseless animals to do such horrible things, scientist should have designed more advanced machinery considering they already have the talent to make new things without needing the help of many resources. This kind of testing is being unjustified; there has been multiple reports of suffering because of all the horrible experiences the animals have to go through. Other reports were the way these animals were living they were malnourished, some of the animals heads were severely burnt and bleeding. A huge amount of money is thrown away to do unnecessary procedures. With this kind of money, we could use it to make alternatives to animal testing, invent new machines that will help reduce the lives of animals at risk. One-way scientist covers up what they have done to animals is by saying they are taken care of and they do not suffer any kind of pain. Since they are the ones with the white lab coats, of course, people are going to believe them. Research has shown that in 2016 alone more than 4 million procedures have taken place, this has caused more than 820,812 innocent animals to die. They do not go through one procedure or one test, one animal can be tested as many as 2 times even if it is already in a lot of pain. Many of the animals used in these experiments are fish, rats, birds, primates, dogs, cats, and sometimes even horses. These animals endure torture that no animal should ever go through. Over 73% of all animals tested in 2016 were mice or small rodents. Scientist prefer to use animals with a non-human vertebrate and cephalopod such as octopus and/or squid. Using animals like these also bring non-effective results in tests, which is another reason it should stop. Octopus and squid do not have anything related towards the human body making them unreliable. Tests are done on animals for many things: chemical, sprays, perfumes, medicine, and makeup. Many cosmetic brands are cruelty-free, and they still manage to have customers buy their products. The European Union has banned cosmetic testing because it is cruel to the animals and not required. Many other countries are following their steps in ending this type of testing or prohibiting brands that use them to sell anywhere in that country. Places like China require their make-up brands to test on animals to sell on their market. Korea and Turkey have stepped back on the testing and they even consider ending it, which would be the good thing to do. Animals do not wear makeup or try to look pretty, so scientist should not force them to be the first ones to try out new products they do not need. It is not a requirement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to test new chemicals or any kind of product on animals, but researchers choose to do it. This makes it worse for the animals because they are not needed in the laboratories, they are wanted there to try out and make sure things come out as they are supposed to. There are many other useful ways to find out about animals and how they do things, we do not need to dissect frogs or pigs to see the insides; we can find alternatives for this. As a person, you can help in many ways to stop animal abuse not just in labs but also in classrooms and other places around the world like zoos. Before someone passes away, they can decide to donate their body to science for others to learn from, and they can also donate to charities who do not test on animals for any kind of medicine or any type of harmful chemicals and instead work hard to save them. When a kid is in a classroom and they want to dissect an animal, people can stand up and say no to defend the rights of the defenseless animal. Many more animals are being tested that the public does not know about. The people who are aware of this can help and put an end to this. Dogs are also part of these cruel experiments especially beagles because they know how to tolerate pain a lot better than any other dog. More than 60,000 dogs undergo experiments each year; they are the ones who undergo more experiments than any other mammal. Dogs are cute, fluffy animals and everyone views them as wonderful little creatures, but nobody really talks about the horrible side of animal testing they go through or the torture they endure. Beagles are the most common used dogs and there is no law that prohibits people from doing animal testing. There are people trying to put an end to all animal testing, it is quite hard when there are more people with it than against it. There have been campaigns, posters, marches, and so many more things to persuade people to join end animal testing and help to end all this cruel torture. No animals should have to wonder when the next test will be or when they will die so they will not suffer anymore. They need help and the more the public fights for animal rights the more chances that scientists and researchers will stop and free the animals and search better ways to test new products that are harmful to the animals. Once scientists finish using the animal or the animal is close to dying, they throw it out and dispose of it. These people in white lab coats make everyone believe that the animals are safe and there is nothing to worry about, they are lying and do not what the public to know exactly what is going on inside these laboratories. Animals suffer physical, emotional, and mental pain every single day they are locked in those metal cages. Since there are no laws saying this is illegal, more and more animals will be hurt and killed. These animals spend all their day wondering when the next test will be preparing themselves mentally that they will go through a lot of pain and suffering. This is extremely sad knowing that so many people love majority of these animals, and so badly they are treated. When animal testing was becoming more common scientist used animals to test a drug for pregnant woman, so it could stop morning sicknesses. Doctors gave this medicine out and it backfired on them, many kids were born with defects and one mother died because of the drug. It is a fact that if scientist were to have used human like methods they would have gotten a lot closer to getting better results. Because of this happening, it also comes to show that we cannot rely much on animals to give out good and positive results, which makes it worse to keep using them when they do not have the same system as humans and cannot give us the results we need. Because the animals do not give us presentable answers, scientists should put an end to testing and focus more on other ways to test things. It has been showed that because of the failed results many people have died or have gotten extremely sick, death rates would decrease drastically if researchers used more human like methods and leave animals out of it. The more doctors give out medicines or any type of antibiotic to patients that have been tested by animals, the more likely these patients are to get sick or even die. Humans and animals do not have the same body chemistry, making it extremely difficult to get accurate results from animals and provides us with negative results. Since animal testing has been around for so long, people still think that is it ok to keep using defenseless animals to torture them to find out about a product and the harm it may do. Some places that have banned animal testing are inspiring other countries to stop and become cruelty-free, other things that are cruelty-free are some make-up brands, perfumes, and even household items. It is not hard to buy and support cruelty-free products, it makes it better for the animals, some people think that because of the testing we have safer products which is not true. Animal testing should stop, no animal should go through this kind of pain. Since we keep developing more and more advanced technology every day, there is no reason animal testing should continue. Researchers have the machines and computers needed to no longer use animals, they should start letting animals go.

Cats Free Essays

I have read and understood The University of Sydney Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy 2012 . I understand that failure to comply with the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy can lead to the University commencing proceedings against me for potential student misconduct under Chapter 8 of the University of Sydney By-Law 1999 (as amended). 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Cats or any similar topic only for you Order Now This work is substantially my own, and to the extent that any part of this work is not my own I have indicated that it is not my own by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. . The assessment has not been submitted previously for assessment in this or any other unit, or another institution. . I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment may: Reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another member of the Faculty of Health Sciences; and/or Use similarity detection software (which may then retain a copy of the assignment on its database for the purpose of future plagiarism checking). 7. I have retained a duplicate copy of the assignment. Please type in your name here to acknowledge this declaration: Coherence Luau Now proceed to page 2 to begin your assignment. This template will become your assignment file. OFFICE USE ONLY Question 1: Positivistic Theory (Biological and Psychological Theory) The positivist approach to criminality introduced the idea of empirically researching crime to understand the causes of criminality, and thus the solutions to solving it. Positivism is based in logic, and is the philosophy that combined epistemological phenomena with science (Blackmore, 1972). The theory assumes that criminals are fundamentally different from non-criminals; either biologically (Limbos), psychologically (Freud), social (Park, Druthers) or in some combination of them all, ND thus aim to classify people according to these differences (Boom, 2010). The approach ultimately replaced the ‘rational man’ with the ‘criminal type’ (Killing, 1997). The period of Enlightenment in the 18th century enforced human progression, and as such, saw Positivism gain popularity. It was a move from abstract reasoning to rationalism, from superstition to science, with the emergence of intellectuals with philosophies to understand and improve the world (Porter, 2001). Since this time, the positivist approach has guided policymaking throughout the criminal Justice system. Positivism focused on specifically tailored treatment to fit the needs of offenders’ (Treadwell, 2006). Positivists dismiss any form of evidence that does not have an empirical basis, such as religion, magic, philosophy and tradition (Blackmore, 1972). Those that cannot be objectively experienced are rejected, in so that positivists can explain criminal behavior through that which can only be observed or measured (Boom, 2010). Biological positivists look at observables such as anatomical abnormalities, identifiable genetic of gene patterns, and bodily actions where as psychological positivists will look at biological observables, but will add behavioral factors, for instance, child rearing practices and brain abnormalities that causes identifiable behavior outcomes. Positivism views criminals as certain kinds of human beings who are governed by natural phenomena, which have been set in place by an external factor that is out of their control. It follows that criminals do not make decisions regarding their criminal behavior, and thus, the abstract view of humans being rational were discarded. Biological theories sought to determine a biological defect inside individuals that caused a predisposition towards criminal behavior. Limbos was one of the most influential early biological thinkers and positivist theorists, and was influenced by phrenology in his theory. Phrenology is the concept that the shape of your skull defines your character. Through his studies, Limbos identified ‘born criminals’ to be dangerous ‘evolutionary throwbacks’ (Limbos, 2006). He identified physical features of criminals, which supported this notion, as they echoed biological features of an ape. Among others, Limbos classified several criminal characteristics through studying cadavers of executed criminals. Features such as smaller and more deformed skulls, canine teeth, protruding ears, excessive hairiness and unusually long arms were said to be common features in criminals (Limbos, 2006). Generally, biological positivists search for biological causes generally in genetic inheritance. The chromosome pairing of an ordinary female is XX, and for a male, XX. However, there are naturally occurring variations, for example the pairing EX. of chromosomes, known as the Skillfulness’s Syndrome (Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973). This theory claimed that people with an extra X chromosome were more likely to omit crimes and could be identified by their biological and physical features, such as lacking facial air, round bodies and were frequently infertile. However, further investigation into this theory showed that abnormal people containing an extra Y chromosome showed signs of slight mental deficiency. On this assumption, Price undertook chromosome counts on all available male patients in a special security institution in Scotland and found that X† males tended to be severe psychopaths. The extra Y chromosome, therefore, appeared to be positively linked to increased eight and psychopaths. In essence, biological positivists were attempting to be able to identify criminals by looking at them. Psychological positivism focuses on aggression, psychopathology and violence when studying crime (Storefront, 1990). It is based in the field of psychometrics that seeks to measure psychological and mental differences between criminals and non- criminals. One of the most famous theories in this field is Sigmund Freud†s theory of the structures of the mind, used to explain the influence of the unconscious over conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The theory divides itself into the unconscious id, the ego, and the superego (Martin, 2007). Further, Wilson and Hermiston’s personality study and crime concluded that crime is a rational act of defective personality (Treadwell, 2006). Furthermore, psychologically based theories in criminology have focused on deficient cognitions as causes of crimes. Hostels and Sameness (2004) extended this notion by their study of male offenders from a variety of backgrounds, which were divided into an experimental group and compared to a control group of ‘normal’ convicted prisoners. The two theorists legged that a common factor in shaping the thinking pattern of criminals was denial of responsibility. They concluded that these thinking errors were an aspect of criminal thinking patterns, and developed a cognitive treatment programmer to ‘cure’ these errors. Druthers held the belief that societies are external to the individuals who compose them (Schemas, 1994), and from this, formulated his notion of a social fact. A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general wrought a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations. Druthers was the pioneer of early positivist Social Research with his famous study of suicide. This was so others would be able to develop evidence for ideas on human behavior rather than unsubstantiated theories. The use of positivism in criminology aims to identify the problem and treat it, and thus control crime and criminality. In more modern times, Rained conducted a study in 1998 on the brains of murderers as compared to a control group using PET scans. In the case of those who committed impulsive murders, Rained concluded that the emotional impulsive murderers are less able to regulate and control aggressive impulses generated from subtropical structures due to deficient preferential regulation† (Rafter, 2008). Despite conclusions drawn from the movement in criminology, it was claimed that Very little of contemporary psychology can be described as positivistic’ (McGuire, 2004) as it is not directly observable, and thus to associate it with Positivism is fallacious. Theorists such as Boom criticized Positivism for its flawed belief in roommate consensus (Boom, 2010), as well as Reid, who believed that positivism was a dualistic fallacy (Reid, 1982). As the approach advocates two distinct groups of criminals and non-criminals whom are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, other elements such as ones culture was dismissed in the theory. In regards to the positivist approach to Skillfulness’s Syndrome, it was found out through further research that criminals had normal chromosomes and that non-criminals also had abnormal chromosomes, thus disproving the black and white division of Iranians being the only people with irregular genetic material. Nonetheless, the Positivist movement has played a vital role in shaping the criminal Justice system. Regardless of its ignorant faults in its biomedical and psychological aspects, the approach has influenced Western criminal codes and has impacted the modifications made of the classical model. Rushers, a modern day psychologist, bases his research on the Positivist theory. His book, â€Å"Race, Evolution and Behavior† (1995) attempts to show that East Asian people and their descendants average a larger brain size, greater intelligence, and slower rates of maturation than o Europeans and their descendants. The contributions of the positivist school have combined with the classical theory of criminology to shape the contemporary criminal Justice system. The punishment of a criminal must fit the crime (Siegel, 2010), as in reality, victims and perpetrators are often the same people, Just swapping roles in different situations† (Maguire, 1996). Positivism was formulated on the intention of obtaining facts about human behavior, but as human existence is a complex and volatile phenomenon, any attempt to classify it in black and white falls short. Aiming to obtain objective fact is important in influencing criminal legislations, and can offer solutions to committed crimes. However, relying solely on objectivity is impossible, and subjectivity must be accepted as an inherent part of human nature as any claim of pure objectivity is simply fictitious (Reid, 1982). How to cite Cats, Papers

Wolsey Justice For All History Revision free essay sample

Both SO and 3 contrast with SSL as they seem to remark that Wholes allowed there to be and introduced unfair laws and treated poor peep el unfairly and he did not see them to be equal. Source 1 writes about how whilst the King may have acted within the law whew n it came to trialing and punishing people, those people may not have been trialed just Y The source may be suggesting that the law was outdated and furthermore that is why Henry brought Wholes in to take charge Of the Court Of Chancery. The King ought of r his royal ignite and prerogative, this quote highlights how Henry may have only brow get Wholes in to handle to court of justice in order to keep the general public onside. Ho waver, the source itself is written by Wholes and therefore would be biased towards him self and the King. Of course Wholes is going to say he will make the law more just an d equal, otherwise the judges will doubt him. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolsey Justice For All History Revision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Source 2 is written by bakers in London in 1526. This means that the source s would give the general opinion of the working public in London at the time.The sour CE is a petition written to Wholes appealing for some form of compensation for been g punished by the Mayor for them refusing to buy moldy Wheat at a higher price when s wet wheat can be bought cheaper. At face value it may seem that Wholes has allowed the e Mayor to do this but, the fact that the bakers wrote a petition to Wholes may suggest that they feel he will give them the justice they deserve, illustrating that they trust him to do something about it.Source 3 states that the poor recognized the fact that Wholes was targeting the rich when it came to enforcing laws and making everything more equal. And so the eye began to complain a lot more about unjust things the rich were doing, as they were aware that Wholes was more likely to take action.

For many years we have been li... free essay sample

For many years we have been living in a society where depending on our gender and sexuality, we are judged and expected to behave and act certain way to fulfill the societys gender stereotypes. How is so? Since the day we are born we are categorized as a boy or girl bases on our sex. Gender and sexuality refers to two different things. It is of course, composed of male/female or man/woman with different roles and functions of being masculine and feminine. There are people who fall into the categories of male and female, however, some are born with sex organs that do not clearly fit either category, and they are known as intersex. We live in a world which is organized around the idea that women and men have different bodies, different capabilities, and different needs and desired. Nowadays, gender and sexuality has become a major issue to different countries all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on For many years we have been li or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How to identify what makes a woman and what makes a man, and the revelation of their identity to be accepted in humanity. Knowing the effects of gender and sexuality in cross-cultural context and global context. This paper will discuss an understanding of gender differences and roles in todays society. Gender is a social classification based on ones identity, presentation of self, behavior, and interaction with others. Sociologists view gender as learned behavior and a culturally produced identity. Sex, on the other hand, is a biological classification based on body parts. It is understood by sociologists to be a biological categorization based on reproductive organs. Sociologists and most other social scientists view sex and gender as conceptually distinct. Gender, by contrast, concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between men and women. Gender is linked to socially constructed notions of masculinity and femininity and is not necessarily or inevitably a direct product of biological sex (Sociology 8th edition, A. Giddens, P.W Sutton, pg. 617). Linda Nicholson argues that it is not enough to claim that the body always comes to us through social interpretation, that is, that sex is subsumable under gender, therefore we cannot look to the body to ground cross-cultural claims about the male/female distinction (1994:83). A persons sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. Therefore, the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable. In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes assigned to males and females that is expectations of masculinity and femininity. Masculinity is the experience of being a man or the formation of male identities. The Australian sociologist Raewyn Connells theory said that masculinity is the most influential theory in the field of men and masculinities. Along with its enormous impact on the field of gender studies, it has also been taken up across a wide range of other disciplines. She notes that masculinity is not just an idea in the head, or a personal identity. It is also extended in the world, merged in organized social relations (1995, pg.29). Kimmel also explains that masculine sexuality is not about mutual pleasuring but the confirmation of masculinity which is based on physical capacities. And these, in turn, require emotional detachment, a phallocentric world view of sexual pleasure, and self-objectification (Kimmel 1990:105). On the other hand, femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women. According to Connell, there are no femininities that are hegemonic (Connell, 1987). All forms of femininity in this society are constructed in the context of the overall subordination of women to men. For this reason, there is no femininity that holds among women the position held by hegemonic masculinity among men (pg.187). Feminist approach largely focuses on the theory which explain gender inequality. During 1970s, social feminism was increasingly used to describe a mixed theoretical and practical approach to achieving womens equality. Socialist had fought for decades to create more equal society. One famous socialist feminism by Marxism had recognized the oppressive structure of a capitalist society. Like radical feminism, socialist feminism recognized the fundamental oppression of women particularly in a patriarchal society. However, socialist feminists did not recognize gender and only gender as the exclusive basis of all oppression. Rather, they held and continue to hold that class and gender are symbolic. Social feminists wanted to integrate the recognition of sex discrimination within their work to achieve justice and equality for women, for working classes, for the poor and all humanity (Socialist Feminism in Womens History, L. Napikoski, 2018). In relation to this, gender socialization occurs when we are children and refers to the learning that we receive from the people who raise us, that is called Gender norms. This process begins before they are even born, by selecting gender names, by decorating the incoming babys room and selecting its toys and clothes in color-coded and gendered ways that reflect cultural expectations and stereotypes. Then, from infancy, we are socialized by our environment such as, family, educators, religious leaders, peer groups, and the wider community, and mass media who teach us what is expected from us in terms of appearance and behavior. From childhood to adolescent development, resocialization occurs later in life, where we adapt to changes. Many researchers argue that socialization is not a smooth process; different agencies, such as the family, schools and peer groups, may be at odds with one another and do not produce a homogenous socializing experience. Just as, socializations theories underplay the ability of individuals to reject or modify social expectations in their actual practices (Stanley and Wise 1993, 2002). Connells view of socialization says that, children do resist such pressures: boys mix masculine and feminine aspects, whiles some girls determinedly pursue competitive sports, and both boys and girls may behave differently in private to the gendered face they present in public (Connell 1987). Gender identity is defined as a personal conception of oneself as male or female (or rarely, both or neither). This concept is intimately related to the concept of gender role, which is defined as outward manifestations of personality that reflect the gender identity. Gender roles in society means how were expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing while, men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold. In this present generation, revealing ones identity has become extensive and expressive. Several people have mixed of masculine and feminine traits exposed their sexuality through media to explore and introduce their true sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is a persons emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex. It has been defined to different categories such as; heterosexuality (male and female), the attraction to individuals of the opposite sex; homosexuality (gay, lesbian or transgender), the attraction to individuals of ones own sex; bisexuality, the attraction to individuals of either sex; and asexuality, no attraction to either sex. Some w ould say that, these sexual categories can normally be adapt by hormones or peer influence, but there is no scientific consensus regarding the exact reasons why an individual holds a heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation. There has been research conducted to study the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor (APA 2008). According to current scientific understanding, individuals are usually aware of their sexual orientation between middle childhood and early adolescence (American Psychological Association 2008). They do not have to participate in sexual activity to be aware of these emotional, romantic, and physical attractions; people can be celibate and still recognize their sexual orientation. Homosexual women (also referred to as lesbians), homosexual men (also referred to as gays), and bisexuals of both genders may have very different experiences of discovering and accepting their sexual orientation. At the point of puberty, some may be able to claim their sexual orientations while others may be unready or unwilling to make their homosexuality or bisexuality known si nce it goes against North American societys historical norms (APA 2008). The term gender dysphoria refers to the distress that occurs when a persons physical sex doesnt match perceived gender. Like a girl may be more interested in rough-and tumble sports and a young man may find his excitement by fashion than football. Before if you were born male, you should only act like a man, and if you were born female, you should act like a woman. Now, people have freedom of expressing and embracing their identity to have self-satisfaction even by changing their physical appearance. Research, however, does present evidence showing that homosexuals and bisexuals are treated differently than heterosexuals in schools, the workplace, and the military. Some homosexuals have been subjected to verbal harassment, physical harassment and cyber-bullying. Former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said, In too many countries, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people are among the poorest, most marginalized member of the society. Studies show that gay and lesbian people suffer disproportionate discrimination and abuse. Many LGBT Organizations has come up to protect equal rights of those who belong in homosexual and bisexual group all over the world. They created laws that safeguard the rights of all individuals, including LGBTI persons, and ensure that their life, physical integrity, morals and freedoms are respected. Gender and Sexualities in Cross-cultural and Global context Every society contains individuals who do not fit into the cultures dominant sex/gender categories. The cross-cultural record of sex and gender diversity provokes to reexamine the nature and assumptions of our own sex and gender system: the cultural basis of its categories, the relationship between sex and gender and other aspects of culture, and how those who do not fit into our cultures dominant sex and gender paradigms are defined and treated by society. The representation and discourses surrounding sex and gender system in other cultures have been influenced by European moral ethnocentrism since the earliest encounters between Europeans and other people. The imposition of European religions, cultures, law, and economies on non-Western societies, in mo st cases resulted in the marginalization or disappearance of indigenous alternative sex/gender roles (Jacobs,Thomas ; Lang, 1997; Lang, 1999; Martzner 2001, pg. 14-15; Roscoe, 1995) this has also occurred with the spread of Islam to places like West Africa (Matory 1994) and Indonesia (Boellstroff, 2005). Currently, however, there is a reemergence of interest in these systems, by ethnographers, by medical and psychological professionals, by sex and gender variant individuals, and in the wider society as part of constructing national identities or cultural renaissance within the context of modernity. For instance, across the Indian subcontinent hijra are understood as sex/gender system which works outside of a sex/gender binary and exist as a community which is simultaneously culturally specific and politically bounded. According to Nanda (1994), hijra communities include transvestites, castrated men, prostitutes, followers of the mother goddess, and non-menstruating or infertile women. Nanda argues that British colonialism, demographic changes in family size, and increasing Westernization have exerted profound influences on cultural understandings of hijra and their roles in society (Agrawal 1997; Roughgarden 2004). By specifically regulating gender/sex identities, the colonial project in India legally imposed heteronormative binary which marginalized those who stepped outside of the legal bounds of gendered sexuality. (Sex-Gender Diversity: A Cross-cultural Perspective) Apart from this, the historical and modern globalization has a great impact with gender and sexuality. It is discoverd that in all societies today, not one, but several, sex/gender systems with sources in traditional cultures, colonial cultures, and modern cultural influences may operate simultaneously. This means that social location, political history, and economic factors all contribute to changes in cultural constructions of gender and sexuality. During the 1990s, scholars of gender and sexualities were drawn to the postmodern critiques of categories and grand narrative explanations of gender and sexual diversity. Foucaults analysis of governmentality and biopower to, among other things, situate discussion of how different nation-states and specific laws serve to regulate bodies and construct normative sexual citizens and explore how bodies give substance to citizenship and how citizenship matters for bodies (Beasley ; Bacchi 2000, pg 337; Mamo 2007). Contemporary analyses of gender and sexuality are further enriched by attention to intersectionality, cross-national and cross-cultural differences, and globalization. For example, intersectional analyses of violence against women which incorporate attention to global economic restructuring deepen understandings of the complex processes that shape womens lives and bring and bring to light the experiences of social actors who were rarely the subjects of academic research a few decades ago. (Staudt 2008; Villalon 2010). Sociologist of gender and sexualities continue to stress the power of interactionist, social constructionist, and structural perspectives for revealing the complex ways that gender and sexual normativity and inequalities are produced, reproduced, and resisted.

Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police Department

Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police Department Future president Theodore Roosevelt returned to the city of his birth in 1895 to take on a task that might have intimidated other people, the reform of the notoriously corrupt police department. His appointment was front-page news and he obviously saw the job a chance to clean up New York City while reviving his own political career, which had stalled. As the president of the police commission, Roosevelt, true to form, vigorously threw himself into the task. His trademark zeal, when applied to the complexities of urban politics, tended to generate a cascade of problems. Roosevelts time at the top of the New York Police Department brought him into conflict with powerful factions, and he did not always emerge triumphantly. In one notable example, his widely publicized crusade to close saloons on Sunday, the only day when many workingmen  could socialize in them, provoked a lively public backlash. When he left the police job, after only two years, the department had been changed for the better. But Roosevelts time as New York Citys top cop had been raucous, and the clashes he found himself in had nearly brought his political career to an end. Roosevelts Patrician Background Theodore Roosevelt was born into a wealthy New York City family on October 27, 1858. A sickly child who overcame illness through physical exertion, he went on to Harvard and entered New York politics by winning a seat in the state assembly at the age of 23. In 1886 he lost an election for mayor of New York City. He then stayed out of government for three years until he was appointed by President Benjamin Harrison to the United States Civil Service Commission. For six years Roosevelt served in Washington, D.C., overseeing the reform of the nations civil service, which had been tainted by decades of adherence to the spoils system. Roosevelt was respected for his work reforming the federal civil service, but he wished to return to New York City and something more challenging. A new reform mayor of the city, William L. Strong, offered him the job of sanitation commissioner in early 1895. Roosevelt turned it down, thinking the job of literally cleaning up the city was beneath his dignity. A few months later, after a series of public hearings exposed widespread graft in the New York Police Department, the mayor came to Roosevelt with a far more attractive offer:  a post on the board of police commissioners. Enthused by the  chance to bring much-needed reforms to his hometown, and in a very public post, Roosevelt took the job. The Corruption of the New York Police A crusade to clean up New York City, led by a reform-minded minister, Rev. Charles Parkhurst, had prompted the state legislature to create a commission to investigate corruption. Chaired by state senator Clarence Lexow, what became known as the Lexow Commission held public hearings which exposed the startling depth of police corruption. In weeks of testimony, saloon owners and prostitutes detailed a system of payoffs to police officials. And it became apparent that the thousands of saloons in the city functioned as political clubs which perpetuated the corruption. Mayor Strongs solution was to replace the four-member board that oversaw the police. And by putting an energetic reformer like Roosevelt on the board as its president, there was cause for optimism. Roosevelt took the oath of office on the morning of May 6, 1895, at City Hall. The New York Times lauded Roosevelt the next morning but expressed skepticism about the other three men named to the police board. They must have been named for political considerations, said an editorial. Problems were obvious at the outset of Roosevelts term at the top of the police department. Roosevelt Made His Presence Known In early June 1895 Roosevelt and a friend, the crusading newspaper reporter Jacob Riis, ventured out into the streets of New York late one night, just after midnight. For hours they wandered through the darkened Manhattan streets, observing the police, at least when and where they could actually find them. The New York Times carried a story on June 8, 1895 with the headline, Police Caught Napping. The report referred to President Roosevelt, as he was president of the police board, and detailed how he had found policemen asleep on their posts or  socializing in public  when they should have been patrolling alone. Several officers were ordered to report to police headquarters the day after Roosevelts late night tour. They received a strong personal reprimand from Roosevelt himself. The newspaper account noted: The action of Mr. Roosevelt, when it became known, made a sensation throughout the department and as a consequence, more faithful patrol duty may be performed by the force for some time to come. Roosevelt also came into conflict with Thomas Byrnes, a legendary detective who had come to epitomize the New York Police Department. Byrnes had amassed a suspiciously large fortune, with the apparent help of Wall Street characters such as Jay Gould, but had managed to keep his job. Roosevelt forced Byrnes to resign, though no public reason for the ouster of Byrnes was ever disclosed. Political Problems Though Roosevelt was at heart a politician, he soon found himself in a political bind of his own making. He was determined to shut down saloons, which generally operated on Sundays in defiance of local law. The problem was that many New Yorkers worked a six-day week, and Sunday was the only day when they could gather in saloons and socialize. To the community of German immigrants, in particular, the Sunday saloon gatherings were considered an important facet of life. The saloons were not merely social but often served as political clubs, frequented by an actively engaged citizenry. Roosevelts crusade to shutter saloons on Sundays brought him into heated conflict with large segments of the population. He was denounced and viewed as being out of touch with the common people. The Germans in particular rallied against him, and Roosevelts campaign against saloons cost his Republican Party in the city-wide elections held in the fall of 1895. The next summer, New York City was hit by a heat wave, and Roosevelt gained back some public support by his smart action in dealing with the crisis. He had made an effort to familiarize himself with slum neighborhoods, and he saw that the police distributed ice to people who desperately needed it. By the end of 1896, Roosevelt was thoroughly tired of his police job. Republican William McKinley had won the election that fall, and Roosevelt began concentrating on finding a post within the new Republican administration. He was eventually appointed an assistant secretary of the Navy and left New York to return to Washington. Impact of Roosevelt on New Yorks Police Theodore Roosevelt spent less than two years with the New York Police Department, and his tenure was marked with nearly constant controversy. While the job burnished his credentials as a reformer, most of what he tried to accomplish ended in frustration. The campaign against corruption proved essentially hopeless. New York City remained much the same after he left. However, in later years Roosevelts time at police headquarters on Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan took on legendary status. He would be remembered as a police commissioner who cleaned up New York, even though his accomplishments on the job didnt live up to the legend.

Analyzing the American Revolution and the French Revolution Essay

Analyzing the American Revolution and the French Revolution - Essay Example At face value, it might not appear as if the American Revolution in the French Revolution shares much in common. However, as a function of analyzing the commonalities and dissimilarities that these two historical occurrences share, the focus of this brief analysis will be to highlight the core commonalities that prompted both the American and French populations to actively resist the level of control that it been placed upon them by the authorities at that time; the British Empire and the French monarchy respectively. Through such an understanding and interpretation,  it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a more informed level of appreciation for the causal factors that ultimately precipitated the rise of modern democracy within the Western world. Firstly, it must be understood that both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were partially predicated upon the economic hardships that both of these stakeholders were experiencing. In the case of the American colonies, the seven years war/French Indian war had created an economic hardship that the British Empire sought to escape from (Sherman, 2001). The most logical means through which the British Empire could pay off the massive amount of debt that it had accrued during this conflict was to raise taxes upon the colonies that it administered (Brunkhorst, nd). Naturally, unaccustomed to additional duties, tariffs, and taxes, the American population became frustrated with the hardship that living a frontier life, in addition to being expected to pay for the King’s most recent war, was too much; lending these individuals to rise up against the British overlords in the hopes that the economic situation and the overall quality/liberty that an individual could have w ithin the 13 colonies could be maximized.

Influence of Global Economics at Micro and Macro Levels Assignment

Influence of Global Economics at Micro and Macro Levels - Assignment Example The researcher states that Adam Smith’s was the idea that free trade should prevail as well as the notions that were backing nation-building policies in the support of national defense is more important than opulence. The act of navigation and the wisest of commercial regulations also made concessions to the mercantilistic policy of regulation of foreign trade. In the 1770s, Smith wrote the wealth of nations in the widespread of mercantilism and his advocacy of free trade was supported by the comparative cost theory and the cloth/wine arguments served as the foundation for what later came to be called the pure theory of trade. This theory has then made a turn to support the free trade theory and both Britain and the United States embarked upon policies allowing the extreme of one way or unilateral free trade. According to Dunkey, free trade economists often describe the goal of globalization as deep integration or the convergence of nations’ fundamental economic structu res and policy systems, extending far beyond trade or strictly economic criteria. At the start of the twenty-first century, Americans deviated from living in a national market that was depending on its own resources. The American economy was isolated from the rest of the world by border restrictions and natural barriers, such as time, distance and lack of information. Decades of trade liberalization along with innovations in telecommunication and transportation had integrated global markets – and exposed workers in high-income countries to the pressures of global competition. The superiority of an international trading system characterized by greater multilateralism and international specialization over a trading system based on protectionism, bilateralism and a division of the world into major trading blocs is by no means as clear cut today as it was a decade ago.

Global Recession: US Responses

Global Recession: US Responses LCB/2356 Explain the predictions that the OECD have made concerning the US economy, making sure that you define the terms â€Å"Budget Deficit† and â€Å"Debt† in your solution. A budget deficit is when the nations is spending more then their revenue received. This would mean that expenditure exceeds tax revenue resulting to a budget deficit. The term â€Å"Budget Deficit† is usually used to refer the government expenditure rather than businesses. A debt is an amount of money that is owed to another person or organizations. A debt is usually repaid after a certain amount of time given or when is able too depending on the situation. A debt is a method that is used for some corporation or businesses for making a large purchase of something that they cant afford. The prediction made by the OECD with the budget deficit of 2011 being tacked at 10% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the American debt increasing to 101.1% of GDP. This helps prove the fact that the American government is spending way more than its actually receiving in revenue. This would also help us assume that the American government is putting into effect on the fiscal policy which means that the government increases their spending and decreases taxation. This would lead to budget deficit as expenditure surpasses revenue. There are two schools of thought on how the US government should deal with its current economic problems Deficit Reduction As for the Greek and Irish Governments, Deficit reduction entails a fiscal policy where it decrease the governments spending and increases the taxation rates in order to increase revenue. The objective of a deficit reduction is to make sure that the revenue that the nation is getting are greater than the expenditure that they are doing. Therefore reducing the deficit and possibly bringing about a surplus in budget. A budget surplus would help the nation pay its debts therefore giving the government a capable of developing without having have to repay theirs debts in long term which will also ease up the political tensions with other nations economically. Contractionary fiscal policy, while the budget deficit is reduced and also decreasing the national’s debt, it also has a lot of disadvantages to it. As it decreases the expenditure, aggregate demand would decrease because it is Consumption + Investment + government Spending + (Export – Imports) (C+I+G+(X-M). As increasing the taxes it would reduce the aggregate demand therefore it may cause disincentives to work therefore it would affect the productivity, However this would not effect is the income is really high and balances out with the higher tax. As the government’s spending decreases this would also lead to increase in unemployment which would lead to decrease in consumption because there is no money to be spent by the general population. As shown in the graph above of a contractionary fiscal policy. The decrease in the amount of government spending, G in C+I+G+(X-M) leads to the Aggregate Demand Curve shifting inwards from the AD to AD1. Therefore this will decrease the price level which is an indication of inflation in the economy as shown from PL to PL1. This would also lead to the Real Domestic Output to be decrease from RDO to RDO1. We have to consider the long term affects of Contractionary Fiscal Policy that while it allows a decrease in debt, decrease in spending and increased revenue which reduces the budget deficit. The problem that arises from this as unemployment and decrease in government spending will result in low economic growth and giving it slow progression. Fiscal Stimulus and Progressive Taxation Another school of thought regarding the plan of action to deal with the ongoing American economic crisis is to implement a Keynesian stimulus package with the reform of the tax system in order to make it more progressive. A Keynesian stimulus package is when the government puts in more money in the economy in order the strengthen the economy and preventing a recession by boosting employment and spending, this is also known as a expansionary fiscal policy. A Expansionary Fiscal Policy seeks to expand the money supply in order to have a higher economic growth. The long term effects of expansionary fiscal policy would also have to be considered, Constant economic growth, more job employments, and also more consumption which helps with the economy. However, As the economic grows the inflation rates does too, it also leads to an increase of budget deficit as the expenditure is higher than the revenue gained and increasing the debt that the government would borrow, which eventually would h ave to be repaid. Therefore as for the government to spend more they would have to increase the taxation to balance out the revenue and expenditure. A progressive tax system is when the taxable base amount increase, the tax rates would too. This refers to the more money the person or the organizations makes, the more tax they are charged and the less they are making the less tax they would have to pay. This aims to allow the lower tax payers to be able to keep more money in order for them to continue consuming while increasing the tax revenue. However, people in the higher tax bracket would find this unfair because they would rather everyone pay the same amount therefore implementing this system would make it hard. One of the main goal of the progressive income tax is to make it a tool for redistributing income from the upper class to the lower and middle class, this would help keep the income gap from growing between the rich and the poor. It would also give more revenue to the government because they are collecting more money from the higher incomer earners. This is make the government collect more money from the tax payers rat her than if everyone had to pay the same amount or percentage. As a result, this would help the government develop or provide more programs and services that benefit the society. However progressive tax system also has some disadvantages for it, One would be that some businesses would be discouraged to expand or invest as additional profit is taxed at higher prices. It would also make people feel discrimination as I said before the higher tax earners would see it unfair to them because this system doesn’t promote equality amongst individuals. As shown in the graph above, Its showing the effects of the expansionary fiscal policy, when the government spendings are increased leading to an increase in aggregate demand from AD to AD1 as G in C+I+G+(X-M) making the Aggregate Damand curve to shift inwards. This would also mean that the increase in Price Level, Which is from PL to PL1 and an increase in Real Domestic Output, Which is from RDO to RDO1. Explain in broad terms the background to the â€Å"Credit Crunch† and how this impacted on the real economies of both the USA and the UK The â€Å"Credit Crunch† also known as the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008 is the worst global financial crisis since the â€Å"Great Depression† of the 1930s with its after effects still being considered still as shown by the Euro Crisis. There may be a number of reasons which may include of the credit crunch but its not limited to; the burst of the housing bubble in America, Lack of banking regulation, however the biggest cause would be the encouraged risk of taking from years of stable economic growth and low inflation rates which makes the borrowing and purchasing of bad securities and properties. The housing bubble of America started earlier in 2006 as the house prices were all risen up more than 100%, this is beause of the ease of attaining mortgages at that time. This led to people deciding to take loan and acquire additional property in order to take advantage of the higher value in properties, in other words to buy and resell properties to make a profit. Regardless of that, people in the end are not able to pay their loans because of predatory lending, which is when the loans are advertised at a low interest rate but are switch out to adjustable rate mortgages where the interest charged would be higher amount of the interest paid. This then led to people having have to lose their properties and also leading to a huge decrease in property prices. Therefore this would lead up to a liquidity issue however banks had no liquid assests and leading to the decline and eventually bankruptcy of many banks. The collapse of the mortgage repayment was considered the start of the financial crisis. Another reason would be that the lack of financial regulation and supervision of financial institution who were involved in the risky investments, excessive borrowing and lack of transparency. The borrowing of money made by many banks in order to invest in their project usually ended up being a failure resulting of the bank investing on something that they cant make profit off therefore giving them the inability to repay their debts. The fact that this happened in a very large scale in cooperating many different banks linking each other, it led to the bankruptcy of both borrowers and lenders giving them no more or insufficient money to function. References http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expansionary_policy.asp (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.econport.org/content/handbook/ADandS/AD/Shift.html (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.sparknotes.com/economics/macro/aggregatedemand/section1.rhtml (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.ehow.com/info_7742308_pros-cons-budget-deficit.html (Accessed 20.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stimulus-package.asp (Accessed 22.11.14 [Online]) http://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/fiscal-policy/fiscal_policy_criticism/ (Accessed 22.11.14 [Online]) http://hubpages.com/hub/Flat-Tax-vs-Progressive-Tax-Pros-and-Cons-for-the-US (Accessed 23.11.14 [Online]) http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/progressive-tax-system-definition-pros-cons.html (Accessed 23.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/creditcrunch.asp (Accessed 26.11.14 [Online]) http://www.investopedia.com/university/credit-crisis/credit-crisis4.asp (Accessed 26.11.14 [Online])

Environmental and Biological Influences in the Classroom :: Teaching Education Essays

Environmental and Biological Influences in the Classroom The fourth grade class that I looked at had a number of different personalities. Some of the differences can be attributed to either environmental or biological causes. Some of the differences I thought might be something that was due to environment however, after talking to the teacher, Mrs. St.Germain, I changed my opinion to being a characteristic due to the biological influences. Some of the differences I noticed I thought where due to genetics or biological causes. One student that I thought exhibited characteristics that may have been due to environment was a girl who exhibited a lot of shyness. She was very quit and sat following directions at all times. As a whole the girls in the class where much quieter than the guys, however, this girl was quite a bit more quite than all the other girls were. I attribute her shyness to the environment that she was brought up in. I feel this very strongly after talking to Mrs. St.Germain. The girl was an immigrant from Haiti and had just learned to speak English in the 2nd grade. This late introduction into American society, lifestyle, and way of life is probably rather overwhelming and that causes the environment to add to her shyness. Another student seemed very outgoing and rather loud compared to the rest of the students. When I was coming to the room he introduced himself right away and told me the rest of the class was in the media center. At times he interrupted class and could be a nuisance at times. At first I thought that this could be an effect of an environment where he did not receive enough attention. After talking to Mrs. St.Germain though it turned out that he has ADHD along with another hyper activity disorder and his mother would not allow him to be medicated. The next student that I observed was very smart in math. I was told that he often times beats the teacher when doing math multiplication dittos. I think that his intelligence is something that would be passed down through his genes. On the other hand if a learning environment is established than a higher intelligence may result from the learning environment.

Written task

This task will be related to Part 1: â€Å"Language in cultural context† specified in the topic of â€Å"Language and Identity' and how both (language and identity) are related to each other. In order to find the relation, the movie â€Å"The Freedom Writers† was studied. This film portrays the achievement of dreams, and how people living in the same place can express their language in different ways depending on their social and cultural history. The task was centered on how language is shaped by a cultural context, represented with a diary entry written from a character from the movie: Ben.He talks about his and his classmates' experiences with Miss Erin as a teacher and how her life changed together with their own, and how social differences interfere in their social relationship. This diary is separated into different sections according to what he lives every day, talking in present tense. Along the diary there are quotes from the teacher and the students, used to emphasize the main theme of this task: language and culture. Through those quotes the teacher showed code switching, trying to get to know her students by their own language.Ben tells his story his personal point of view and sometimes he compares the teacher's story to his own. Nowadays this is a big problem for some people who go to different countries and still don't adapt. That's why this was a good exercise for better understanding of the problem (cultural/social) and practice better writing. A diary entry was chosen for this task because it is interesting how the point of view from a certain character can change the way a general audience can think about a certain topic.The characteristics of the airy entries were to add different dates to each paragraph and write in first person. *Written task based on the movie â€Å"The Freedom Writers†- directed by Richard Laggardness- year 2007 Rationale words: 300 How my story begins to change Monday 1 2: This is my first diary ent ry, so I will talk a little about myself. I lived all my life in Los Angles, California. One day I had to move to Long Beach, California for family reasons. In Los Angles my teachers were very serious, formal and not so appealing with students.For some reason everyone thought we were educated, but the real taxation is that teachers mistreated us. Once I moved to Long beach everyone was different from me, not in the educational part, but in the physical and language aspect; I was white and everyone else black, I talk in a certain tone and they talk in a different one. They discriminated me for those differences and I wasn't able to defend myself, so instead I stayed quiet and ignorant. Suddenly my story began to change when Miss Erin arrived to school.I always saw something good about her; she wasn't like the other teachers; she seems educated, DOD looking and she was white. I didn't feel alone anymore around my classmates: someone was Just like me in the physical aspect. However, at the beginning I saw a strange attitude from her towards the class; she didn't understand us very well. I didn't know why, she did not look racist, but with time I was able to realize she didn't understand the way my classmates talked. I say â€Å"my classmates† because I do not feel I belong to them, not now.Tuesday 19th: Today, Miss Erin had chalk on her skirt and one of the boys of the class told her: do you want give me fries with that shake†. Everybody laughed very hard, she laughed a little so nobody notice she didn't understand the Joke, I knew she didn't understand what he meant by that phrase, because that used to happen to me too, in fact I still don't get them but I am used to those strange phrases. I realized that the misunderstanding was mutual, she didn't understand them and they didn't understand her since she used very professional words like: auxiliary, abrogate, acrimony etc.Nevertheless, she tried so hard to understand the class' engage and be part of them but her culture was too different from theirs, however I was able to realize something; she didn't want to learn the language Just to be updated, but because she cared about us and our education. Miss Campbell told Miss Erin we had to learn real discipline but how could she teach us discipline if she couldn't communicate verbally with us? Wednesday 20th: Today at class, Miss Erin started to imitate the way they talked, she told us: â€Å"My badness† when she tried to be nice with us, as a consequence everyone started laughing because it was mispronounced.Also she got mad sometimes with one of my classmates, so she had to punish him verbally in a way that he could understand her, by saying: â€Å"This is a buck you' to me and everyone in your class†. Either for worse or better she tried to communicate. I thought she was very brave to learn their language and face them in bad moments, it was certainly something that I would never do, I am too fearful. Friday 22nd: On this day Miss Erin told us she realized that the bad pronunciation and spelling mistakes came from their bad attitude, since they didn't care about their own education.She notices that they express that attitude through drawings (that I never was able to understand) it was like their language was expressed in a simple drawing. She saw one of the drawings my classmates did; it was a comic mocking one black boy of the class. That was the moment when Miss Erin explained to us the story of the holocaust; nobody in my class knew what it was, neither did l. She told us that this event of the past was related to discrimination Just like the type they were doing to this boy. She explained how important education was for us, the opportunity it eave us to; go to school, college, work etc.She sounded really sad and mad at the same time, because we were losing a chance that many people throw away. I felt happy in a certain way because finally there was a teacher who cared about us in a deepe r way. Right after that, she gave us some diaries where we could write, not only to write our feelings but also to improve our grammar. At the beginning, of course, nobody wanted to write because they weren't used to express their feelings and writing their daily life on a piece of paper. Personally, I was scared for someone to e my life, get to know my fears and use that evidence to mock me.Nevertheless, one girl in my class took the first diary, which leads to the rest of the class to pick one too. Monday 24th: Miss Erin, arrived to school with a big surprise; everyone started to write in their diaries, it was awesome how they started to care about their grammar and their attitude was instantly changed, they were happier, their grades began to rise; it seems like writing took away all their problems. I can talk by myself to; I'm not afraid anymore of my classmates and our cultural differences, in fact, now I have friends.However, Miss Erin still doesn't get the language; one day o ne boy told her: â€Å"No that don't fly ‘ma†. And she told him â€Å"I'm not your mom†. Of course everyone laughed, including me, but not mocking, instead, they told her that was a sign of respect. Now that two years have passed from the first time we saw Miss Erin, she has learned our language and we all make Jokes between each other. All this effort came from her, that's why I have to thank her for teaching us to be better persons with the rest of the people and most important, with ourselves. Task words: 1. 000

About the US Civil Rights Act of 1875

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a United States federal law enacted during the post-Civil War Reconstruction Era that guaranteed African Americans equal access to public accommodations and public transportation.  The Act came less than a decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1866 had taken the nation’s first steps towards civil and social equality for black Americans after the Civil War.   The law read, in part: â€Å"†¦ all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude.† The law also prohibited the exclusion of any otherwise qualified citizen from jury duty because of their race and provided that lawsuits brought under the law must be tried in the federal courts, rather than state courts. The law was passed by the 43rd United States Congress on February 4, 1875, and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1875. Parts of the law were later ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Civil Rights Cases of 1883. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was one of the main pieces of Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress after the Civil War. Other laws enacted included the Civil Rights Act of 1866, four Reconstruction Acts enacted in 1867 and 1868, and three Reconstruction Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871. The Civil Right Act in Congress Initially intended to implement the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 traveled a long and bumpy five-year journey to final passage. The bill was first introduced in 1870 by Republican Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, widely regarded as one of the most influential civil rights advocates in Congress. In drafting the bill, Sen. Sumner was advised by John Mercer Langston, a prominent African American attorney and abolitionist who would later be named the first dean of the Howard University law department. In considering his Civil Rights Act to be the key to achieving the highest goals of Reconstruction, Sumner once stated, â€Å"Very few measures of equal importance have ever been presented.† Sadly, Sumner did not survive to see his bill voted on, dying at age 63 of a heart attack in 1874. On his deathbed, Sumner pleaded to famed African-American social reformer abolitionist, and statesman Frederick Douglass, â€Å"Don’t let the bill fail.† When first introduced in 1870, the Civil Rights Act not only banned discrimination in public accommodations, transportation, and jury duty, it also prohibited racial discrimination in schools. However, in the face of growing public opinion favoring enforced racial segregation, Republican lawmakers realized that the bill had no chance of passing unless all references to equal and integrated education were removed. Over the many long days of debate on the Civil Rights Act bill, lawmakers heard some of the most impassioned and impactful speeches ever delivered on the floor of the House of Representatives. Relating their personal experiences of discrimination, African American Republican representatives carried the debated in favor of the bill. â€Å"Every day my life and property are exposed, are left to the mercy of others and will be so long as every hotel-keeper, railroad conductor, and steamboat captain can refuse me with impunity,† said Rep. James Rapier of Alabama, adding famously, â€Å"After all, this question resolves itself into this: either I am a man or I am not a man.† After nearly five years of debate, amendment, and compromise the Civil Rights Act of 1875 won final approval, passing in the House be a vote of 162 to 99. Supreme Court Challenge Considering slavery and racial segregation to be different issues, many white citizens in the Northern and the Southern states challenged Reconstruction laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1875, claiming they unconstitutionally infringed of their personal freedom of choice. In an 8-1 decision issued on October 15, 1883, the Supreme Court declared key sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to be unconstitutional. As part of its decision in the combined Civil Rights Cases, the Court held that while the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited racial discrimination by the state and local governments, it did not grant the federal government the power to prohibit private individuals and organizations from discriminating on the basis of race. In addition, the Court held that the Thirteenth Amendment had been intended only to ban slavery and did not prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations. After the Supreme Court’s ruling, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 would be the last federal civil rights law enacted until ​the  passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 during the early stages of the modern Civil Rights Movement. Legacy of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Stripped of all protections against discrimination and segregation in education, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 had little practical impact on racial equality during the eight years it was in force before being struck down by the Supreme Court.   Ã‚   Despite the law’s lack of immediate impact, many provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 were eventually adopted by Congress during the civil rights movement as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (the Fair Housing Act). Enacted as part of the Great Society social reform program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 permanently outlawed segregated public schools in America.